Which of the following is a method of primary research?

Surveys are regarded as a method of primary research because they involve collecting original data directly from individuals or groups. This approach allows researchers to gather firsthand insights, opinions, and information relevant to their specific research objectives. By designing surveys tailored to their needs, researchers can obtain data that has not been previously published or analyzed, which is essential for gaining up-to-date perspectives on consumer behaviors, preferences, and trends.

In contrast, the other choices reference sources of secondary research. Market analysis reports compile and analyze existing data, while statistical data from the government and historical sales data involve using information that has already been gathered and published, rather than generating new data. Thus, surveys stand out as the means of directly engaging with respondents to derive new insights pertinent to the research question at hand.